Gene:
ACE
angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1

PharmGKB contains no dosing guidelines for this gene. To report known dosing guidelines, or if you are interested in developing guidelines, click here.

PharmGKB contains no drug labels with pharmacogenomic information for this gene. To report a drug label with PGx, click here.

PharmGKB contains no Clinical Variants that meet the highest level of criteria.

To see more Clinical Variants with lower levels of criteria, click the button at the bottom of the table.

Position ? Drug ? Relevance ? Strength of
Evidence ?
rs4343

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2
rs4343

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2

Download a summary of all Clinical Annotations available.

Disclaimer: The PharmGKB's clinical annotations reflect expert consensus based on clinical evidence and peer-reviewed literature available at the time they are written and are intended only to assist clinicians in decision-making and to identify questions for further research. New evidence may have emerged since the time an annotation was submitted to the PharmGKB. The annotations are limited in scope and are not applicable to interventions or diseases that are not specifically identified.

The annotations do not account for individual variations among patients, and cannot be considered inclusive of all proper methods of care or exclusive of other treatments. It remains the responsibility of the health-care provider to determine the best course of treatment for a patient. Adherence to any guideline is voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding its application to be made solely by the clinician and the patient. PharmGKB assumes no responsibility for any injury or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the PharmGKB clinical annotations, or for any errors or omissions.

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PharmGKB contains no genetic tests for this gene. To report genetic tests, click here.

The table below contains information about pharmacogenomic variants on PharmGKB. Please follow the link in the "Variant" column for more information about a particular variant. Each link in the "Variant" column leads to the corresponding PharmGKB Variant Page. The Variant Page contains summary data, including PharmGKB manually curated information about variant-drug pairs based on individual PubMed publications. The PMIDs for these PubMed publications can be found on the Variant Page.

The tags in the first column of the table indicate what type of information can be found on the corresponding Variant Page.

Links in the "Drugs" column lead to PharmGKB Drug Pages.

Variant?
(build 132) 		Alternate Names ? Drugs ? Alleles ?
(+ chr strand) 		Function ? Amino Acid?
Translation
rs1799752 c.2306-119_2306-118ins50, c.584-119_584-118ins50, g.16457_16458ins50, g.26840042_26840043ins50
- > ATACAGTCACTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGAGACGGAGTCTCGCTCTGTCGCCC
 Not Available
No VIP available No Clinical Annotations available VA
rs4341
G > C
 Not Available
No VIP available CA VA
rs4343 ACE:2350A>G in exon 17, ACE:Thr202Thr, c.2328G>A, c.606G>A, g.16598G>A, g.26840183G>A, tag SNP for ACE:I/D
G > A
 Not Available
Thr202Thr
Alleles, Functions, and Amino Acid Translations are all sourced from dbSNP build 132

Overview

Alternate Names:  CD143 antigen; angiotensin I converting enzyme 1; angiotensin converting enzyme, somatic isoform; angiotensin-converting enzyme; carboxycathepsin; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase 1; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase 1 (angiotensin I converting enzyme); dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I; kininase II; peptidase P; peptidyl-dipeptidase A; testicular ECA
Alternate Symbols:  ACE1; CD143; DCP; DCP1; MGC26566; MVCD3
PharmGKB Accession Id: PA139

Details

Cytogenetic Location: chr17 : q23.3 - q23.3
GP mRNA Boundary†: chr17 : 61554434 - 61574979
GP Gene Boundary†: chr17 : 61544434 - 61577979
Strand: plus
Product Name: No data available
† The mRNA boundaries are calculated using the gene's default feature set from NCBI, mapped onto the UCSC Golden Path. PharmGKB sets gene boundaries by expanding the mRNA boundaries by no less than 10,000 bases upstream (5') and 3,000 bases downstream (3') to allow for potential regulatory regions.

PharmGKB Curated Pathways

Pathways created internally by PharmGKB based primarily on literature evidence.

  1. ACE Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics
    Model, non-tissue-specific cell displaying genes which may be involved in the ACE inhibitor pathway
  1. Agents Acting on the Renin-Angiotensin System Pathway, Pharmacodynamics
    Genes involved in the pharmacodynamics of the drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

External Pathways

Links to non-PharmGKB pathways.

PharmGKB contains no links to external pathways for this gene. To report a pathway, click here.

Curated Information ?

Evidence Gene
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available PW
KNG1

Curated Information ?

Evidence Drug
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
captopril
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA VIP No VIP available
enalapril
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
fosinopril
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
imidapril
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
lisinopril
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
sildenafil
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
spironolactone
Evidence Drug Class
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP PW
Ace Inhibitors, Plain
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Thiazides, plain

Curated Information ?

Evidence Disease
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
Angioedema
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
Cough
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Diabetes Mellitus
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Glomerulonephritis, IGA
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Heart Failure
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA VIP No VIP available
Hypertension
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Kidney Failure, Chronic

Publications related to ACE: 103

No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Pharmacogenomics: the genetics of variable drug responses. Circulation. 2011. Roden Dan M, et al. [Article:21502584@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Association of Hypertension Drug Target Genes With Blood Pressure and Hypertension in 86 588 Individuals. Hypertension. 2011. Johnson Andrew D, et al. [Article:21444836@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Polymorphisms, hypertension and thiazide diuretics. Pharmacogenomics. 2011. Citterio Lorena, et al. [Article:22044415@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Pharmacogenetic association of hypertension candidate genes with fasting glucose in the GenHAT Study. Journal of hypertension. 2010. Irvin Marguerite R, et al. [Article:20577119@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
COC use, ACE/AGT gene polymorphisms, and risk of stroke. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2010. Li Ying, et al. [Article:20300047@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Effect of ACE insertion/deletion and 12 other polymorphisms on clinical outcomes and response to treatment in the LIFE study. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2010. Nordestgaard Børge G, et al. [Article:20065889@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Genetic variability in the ACE gene region surrounding the Alu I/D polymorphism is maintained by balancing selection in human populations. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2010. Cagliani Rachele, et al. [Article:20038859@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Identification of genetic factors associated with susceptibility to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors-induced cough. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2010. Grilo Antonio, et al. [Article:21052031@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
PharmGKB summary: very important pharmacogene information for angiotensin-converting enzyme. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2010. Thorn Caroline F, et al. [Article:19898265@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Pharmacogenomics of antihypertensive drugs: past, present and future. Pharmacogenomics. 2010. Johnson Julie A. [Article:20350127@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Systematic review of pharmacoeconomic studies of pharmacogenomic tests. Pharmacogenomics. 2010. Beaulieu Mathieu, et al. [Article:21121811@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Tailored therapy of ACE inhibitors in stable coronary artery disease: pharmacogenetic profiling of treatment benefit. Pharmacogenomics. 2010. Brugts Jasper J, et al. [Article:20712529@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
A genome-wide association study identifies new loci for ACE activity: potential implications for response to ACE inhibitor. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2010. Chung C-M, et al. [Article:20066004@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Demonstrating the pharmacogenetic effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on long-term prognosis of diastolic heart failure. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2010. Wu C-K, et al. [Article:19752885@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
The genetics of loop diuretic effects. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2010. Vormfelde S V, et al. [Article:20877298@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Variation in Renin-Angiotensin system and salt-sensitivity genes and the risk of diabetes mellitus associated with the use of thiazide diuretics. American journal of hypertension. 2009. Bozkurt Ozlem, et al. [Article:19247266@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
ACE (I/D) polymorphism and response to treatment in coronary artery disease: a comprehensive database and meta-analysis involving study quality evaluation. BMC medical genetics. 2009. Kitsios Georgios, et al. [Article:19497121@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
The rationale and design of the PERindopril GENEtic association study (PERGENE): a pharmacogenetic analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy / sponsored by the International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy. 2009. Brugts J J, et al. [Article:19082699@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Promoter polymorphisms in ACE (angiotensin I-converting enzyme) associated with clinical outcomes in hypertension. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2009. Johnson A D, et al. [Article:18946466@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Arrhythmia pharmacogenomics: methodological considerations. Current pharmaceutical design. 2009. Roden Dan M, et al. [Article:19925424@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Maternal use of antihypertensive drugs in early pregnancy and delivery outcome, notably the presence of congenital heart defects in the infants. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2009. Lennestål Roland, et al. [Article:19198819@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Lack of association between ACE and bradykinin B2 receptor gene polymorphisms and ACE inhibitor-induced coughing in hypertensive Koreans. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 2009. Woo S W, et al. [Article:19744011@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II receptor subtype 2 genotypes in type 1 diabetes and severe hypoglycaemia requiring emergency treatment: a case cohort study. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2009. Pedersen-Bjergaard Ulrik, et al. [Article:19820429@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Cost-effectiveness of ACE inhibitor therapy to prevent dialysis in nondiabetic nephropathy: influence of the ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2009. Vegter Stefan, et al. [Article:19696696@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Significance of genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cardiovascular and renal disease. Pharmacogenomics. 2009. Rudnicki Michael, et al. [Article:19290794@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
A common variant in DRD3 gene is associated with risperidone-induced extrapyramidal symptoms. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2009. Gassó P, et al. [Article:19506579@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Abeta-degrading enzymes in Alzheimer's disease. Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland). 2008. Miners James Scott, et al. [Article:18363935@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Racial differences in blood pressure response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in children: a meta-analysis. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2008. Li J S, et al. [Article:18548000@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Pharmacogenetics of ACE inhibition in stable coronary artery disease: steps towards tailored drug therapy. Current opinion in cardiology. 2008. Brugts Jasper J, et al. [Article:18520711@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Homogeneous assay of rs4343, an ACE I/D proxy, and an analysis in the British Women's Heart and Health Study (BWHHS). Disease markers. 2008. Abdollahi Mohammad Reza, et al. [Article:18057531@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
High dose Losartan and ACE gene polymorphism in IgA nephritis. Genomic medicine. 2008. Woo Keng-Thye, et al. [Article:19319668@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Are we poised to target ACE2 for the next generation of antihypertensives?. Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany). 2008. Ferreira Anderson J, et al. [Article:18449520@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Pharmacoeconomic evaluations of pharmacogenetic and genomic screening programmes: a systematic review on content and adherence to guidelines. PharmacoEconomics. 2008. Vegter Stefan, et al. [Article:18563949@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Angiotensinogen and ACE gene polymorphisms and risk of atrial fibrillation in the general population. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2008. Ravn Lasse S, et al. [Article:18496132@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Pharmacological effects of lipid-lowering drugs recapitulate with a larger amplitude the phenotypic effects of common variants within their target genes. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2008. Knouff Christopher W, et al. [Article:18787507@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Polymorphisms affecting gene transcription and mRNA processing in pharmacogenetic candidate genes: detection through allelic expression imbalance in human target tissues. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2008. Johnson Andrew D, et al. [Article:18698231@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Possible association of ACE gene I/D polymorphism with blood pressure--lowering response to hydrochlorothiazide. Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES. 2007. Zhou Yong, et al. [Article:18188985@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system gene polymorphisms on blood pressure response to antihypertensive treatment. Chinese medical journal. 2007. Jiang Xiao, et al. [Article:17531119@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Polymorphisms of ACE2 gene are associated with essential hypertension and antihypertensive effects of Captopril in women. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2007. Fan X, et al. [Article:17473847@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Demystifying the ACE polymorphism: from genetics to biology. Current pharmaceutical design. 2007. Castellon Raquel, et al. [Article:17504229@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Angiotensin II reactivation and aldosterone escape phenomena in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade: is oral renin inhibition the solution?. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy. 2007. Athyros Vasilios G, et al. [Article:17376010@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Polymorphism modulates symptomatic response to antiarrhythmic drug therapy in patients with lone atrial fibrillation. Heart rhythm : the official journal of the Heart Rhythm Society. 2007. Darbar Dawood, et al. [Article:17556195@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Is inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system a new treatment option for Alzheimer's disease?. Lancet neurology. 2007. Kehoe Patrick G, et al. [Article:17362841@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Systematic meta-analyses of Alzheimer disease genetic association studies: the AlzGene database. Nature genetics. 2007. Bertram Lars, et al. [Article:17192785@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Candidate genes, pathways and mechanisms for alcoholism: an expanded convergent functional genomics approach. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2007. Rodd Z A, et al. [Article:17033615@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Association of polymorphisms in the Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene with Alzheimer disease in an Israeli Arab community. American journal of human genetics. 2006. Meng Yan, et al. [Article:16642441@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
Systematic review and meta-analysis of ethnic differences in risks of adverse reactions to drugs used in cardiovascular medicine. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2006. McDowell Sarah E, et al. [Article:16679330@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
ACE polymorphisms. Circulation research. 2006. Sayed-Tabatabaei F A, et al. [Article:16690893@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Effects of maternally administered drugs on the fetal and neonatal kidney. Drug safety : an international journal of medical toxicology and drug experience. 2006. Boubred Farid, et al. [Article:16689556@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
The effect of proinflammatory cytokine gene and angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphisms on erythropoietin requirements in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis international : journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis. 2006. Sharples Edward J, et al. [Article:16538877@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Overview of the pharmacoeconomics of pharmacogenetics. Pharmacogenomics. 2006. Dervieux Thierry, et al. [Article:17184205@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Pharmacogenetic association of the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk in relation to antihypertensive treatment: the Genetics of Hypertension-Associated Treatment (GenHAT) study. Circulation. 2005. Arnett Donna K, et al. [Article:15967849@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Associations of baseline blood pressure levels and efficacy of Benazepril treatment with interaction of alpha-adducin and ACE gene polymorphisms in hypertensives. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993). 2005. Yu Yunxian, et al. [Article:15773232@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Does the Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion polymorphism modify the response to ACE inhibitor therapy?--A systematic review. Current controlled trials in cardiovascular medicine. 2005. Scharplatz Madlaina, et al. [Article:16242049@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Mortality in patients with hypertension on angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitor treatment is influenced by the ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2005. Bleumink Gysèle S, et al. [Article:15861031@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
An association study of 43 SNPs in 16 candidate genes with atorvastatin response. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2005. Thompson J F, et al. [Article:16103896@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Pharmacogenetics of antihypertensive drug responses. American journal of pharmacogenomics : genomics-related research in drug development and clinical practice. 2004. Schwartz Gary L, et al. [Article:15174896@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Effects of ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism on response to spironolactone in patients with chronic heart failure. The American journal of medicine. 2004. Cicoira Mariantonietta, et al. [Article:15121491@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Interaction between angiotensin-converting enzyme and catechol-O-methyltransferase genotypes in schizophrenics with poor response to conventional neuroleptics. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003. Illi Ari, et al. [Article:12729939@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
ACE and alpha-adducin polymorphism as markers of individual response to diuretic therapy. Hypertension. 2003. Sciarrone Maria Teresa, et al. [Article:12623934@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
The ACE gene I/D polymorphism is not associated with the blood pressure and cardiovascular benefits of ACE inhibition. Hypertension. 2003. Harrap Stephen B, et al. [Article:12925557@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Crystal structure of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme-lisinopril complex. Nature. 2003. Natesh Ramanathan, et al. [Article:12540854@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
ACE gene I/D and NOS3 G894T polymorphisms and response to sildenafil in men with erectile dysfunction. Urology. 2003. Eisenhardt Andreas, et al. [Article:12837457@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Relationship of venous thromboembolism and myocardial infarction with the renin-angiotensin system in African-Americans. American journal of hematology. 2002. Hooper W Craig, et al. [Article:11994975@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Influence of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism on lipoprotein/lipid response to gemfibrozil. Clinical genetics. 2002. Bossé Y, et al. [Article:12123487@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Association of polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system and bradykinin B2 receptor with ACE-inhibitor-related cough. Journal of human hypertension. 2002. Mukae S, et al. [Article:12522467@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Interacting effects of gender and genotype on blood pressure response to hydrochlorothiazide. Kidney international. 2002. Schwartz Gary L, et al. [Article:12371972@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated angioedema is characterized by a slower degradation of des-arginine(9)-bradykinin. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2002. Molinaro Giuseppe, et al. [Article:12235256@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Pharmacogenetic interactions between beta-blocker therapy and the angiotensin-converting enzyme deletion polymorphism in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation. 2001. McNamara D M, et al. [Article:11273991@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Increased risk for ischaemic events is related to combined RAS polymorphism. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2001. van Geel P P, et al. [Article:11250978@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism predicts blood pressure response to angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist treatment in hypertensive patients. Journal of hypertension. 2001. Kurland L, et al. [Article:11593098@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion, not bradykinin B2 receptor -58T/C gene polymorphism, associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-related cough in Chinese female patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 2001. Lee Y J, et al. [Article:11699055@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
The ACE gene polymorphism and cough threshold for capsaicin after cilazapril usage. Respiratory medicine. 2001. Takahashi T, et al. [Article:11217909@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
The platelet Pl(A2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) D allele polymorphisms and the risk of recurrent events after acute myocardial infarction. The American journal of cardiology. 2001. Bray P F, et al. [Article:11545752@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
ACE gene polymorphism in cardiovascular disease: meta-analyses of small and large studies in whites. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2000. Agerholm-Larsen B, et al. [Article:10669647@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Predicting response to chronic antihypertensive treatment with fosinopril: the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy / sponsored by the International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy. 2000. Stavroulakis G A, et al. [Article:10999650@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Insertion-deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene modulates reversibility of endothelial dysfunction with ACE inhibition. Circulation. 2000. Prasad A, et al. [Article:10880412@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Interactions between angiotensin-I converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and response of plasma lipids and coronary atherosclerosis to treatment with fluvastatin: the lipoprotein and coronary atherosclerosis study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2000. Marian A J, et al. [Article:10636265@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
ACE genotype and ACE inhibitors induced renoprotection in chronic proteinuric nephropathies1. Kidney international. 2000. Perna A, et al. [Article:10620209@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy by lisinopril after renal transplantation: role of ACE gene polymorphism. Kidney international. 2000. Hernández D, et al. [Article:10916115@PubMed]
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
ACE DD genotype is more susceptible than ACE II and ID genotypes to the antiproteinuric effect of ACE inhibitors in patients with proteinuric non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 2000. Ha S K, et al. [Article:11007831@PubMed]
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Pharmacogenetic analysis of the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Angiology. 1999. Okamura A, et al. [Article:10535720@PubMed]
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The deletion genotype of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme is associated with an increased vascular reactivity in vivo and in vitro. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1999. Henrion D, et al. [Article:10483967@PubMed]
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Association between angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphisms and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The American journal of medicine. 1999. Kohno M, et al. [Article:10335726@PubMed]
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Contribution of angiotensin I converting enzyme gene polymorphism and angiotensinogen gene polymorphism to blood pressure regulation in essential hypertension. American journal of hypertension. 1998. Mondorf U F, et al. [Article:9524045@PubMed]
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Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism on progression of renal disease and the influence of ACE inhibition in IDDM patients: findings from the EUCLID Randomized Controlled Trial. EURODIAB Controlled Trial of Lisinopril in IDDM. Diabetes. 1998. Penno G, et al. [Article:9726242@PubMed]
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Three candidate genes and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-related cough: a pharmacogenetic analysis. Hypertension. 1998. Zee R Y, et al. [Article:9535416@PubMed]
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Effect of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene on response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with heart failure. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology. 1998. O'Toole L, et al. [Article:9869506@PubMed]
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism determines the antiproteinuric and systemic hemodynamic effect of enalapril in patients with proteinuric renal disease. Austrian Study Group of the Effects of Enalapril Treatment in Proteinuric Renal Disease. Kidney & blood pressure research. 1998. Haas M, et al. [Article:9661139@PubMed]
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and reversibility of uremic left ventricular hypertrophy following long-term antihypertensive therapy. Kidney international. 1998. Cannella G, et al. [Article:9690230@PubMed]
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Relationship between the response to the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor imidapril and the angiotensin converting enzyme genotype. American journal of hypertension. 1997. Ohmichi N, et al. [Article:9270093@PubMed]
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Bradykinin-induced vasodilation of human coronary arteries in vivo: role of nitric oxide and angiotensin-converting enzyme. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1997. Kuga T, et al. [Article:9207629@PubMed]
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Angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and short-term renal response to ACE inhibition: role of sodium status. Kidney international. Supplement. 1997. van der Kleij F G, et al. [Article:9407415@PubMed]
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Renal hemodynamic changes induced by captopril and angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism. Nephron. 1997. Mizuiri S, et al. [Article:9069453@PubMed]
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors promote nitric oxide production in coronary microvessels from failing explanted human hearts. The American journal of cardiology. 1997. Kichuk M R, et al. [Article:9293967@PubMed]
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Racial difference in the relationship of an angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphism to serum angiotensin I-converting enzyme activity. Hypertension. 1996. Bloem L J, et al. [Article:8591889@PubMed]
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Prediction of patient responses to antihypertensive drugs using genetic polymorphisms: investigation of renin-angiotensin system genes. Journal of hypertension. 1996. Dudley C, et al. [Article:8728305@PubMed]
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Relationship between the angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and the effects of enalapril on left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired diastolic filling in essential hypertension: M-mode and pulsed Doppler echocardiographic studies. Journal of hypertension. 1996. Sasaki M, et al. [Article:8986921@PubMed]
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Association between angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene polymorphism and failure of renoprotective therapy. Lancet. 1996. van Essen G G, et al. [Article:8538349@PubMed]
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Renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms influence blood pressure and the response to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. Journal of hypertension. 1995. Hingorani A D, et al. [Article:8903618@PubMed]
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Role of the deletion of polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene in the progression and therapeutic responsiveness of IgA nephropathy. The Journal of clinical investigation. 1995. Yoshida H, et al. [Article:7593601@PubMed]
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Deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene is associated with serum ACE concentration and increased risk for CAD in the Japanese. Circulation. 1994. Nakai K, et al. [Article:7955173@PubMed]
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An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels. The Journal of clinical investigation. 1990. Rigat B, et al. [Article:1976655@PubMed]
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